| Number of Children Tested and Confirmed EBLLs by State and BLL Group, Children < 72 Months Old, 2006 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Population < 72 Months Old | Number of Chilren Tested | Total Confirmed Children | Confirmed EBLL as % of Children Tested |
| Alabama | 357,111 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Alaska | 57,773 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Arizona | 463,085 | 48,725 | 193 | 0.40% |
| California | 3,034,623 | 505,303 | 3,172 | 0.63% |
| Colorado | 359,896 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Connecticut | 270,763 | 69,507 | 1,165 | 1.68% |
| Delaware | 62,380 | 10,375 | 60 | 0.58% |
| District of Columbia | 39,356 | 12,260 | 203 | 1.66% |
| Florida | 1,149,277 | 114,456 | 272 | 0.24% |
| Georgia | 718,870 | 67,535 | 193 | 0.29% |
| Hawaii | 94,749 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Illinois | 1,061,669 | N/A | 4,427 | N/A |
| Indiana | 509,812 | 46,732 | 569 | 1.22% |
| Iowa | 227,171 | 51,480 | 848 | 1.65% |
| Kansas | 227,151 | 27,521 | 312 | 1.13% |
| Kentucky | 320,916 | 16,174 | 81 | 0.50% |
| Louisiana | 381,856 | 55,501 | 267 | 0.48% |
| Maine | 86,075 | 13,703 | 246 | 1.80% |
| Maryland | 429,749 | 102,849 | 1,133 | 1.10% |
| Massachusetts | 481,406 | 227,434 | 1,902 | 0.84% |
| Michigan | 908,908 | 134,213 | 2,494 | 1.86% |
| Minnesota | 398,895 | 85,849 | 614 | 0.72% |
| Mississippi | 246,449 | 40,794 | 357 | 0.88% |
| Missouri | 463,107 | 85,794 | 1,257 | 1.47% |
| Montana | 66,513 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Nebraska | 40,659 | 124 | 37 | 29.84% |
| Nevada | 174,857 | 1,215 | 3 | 0.25% |
| New Hampshire | 92,820 | 14,798 | 309 | 2.09% |
| New Jersey | 683,569 | 180,239 | 2,742 | 1.52% |
| New Mexico | 157,699 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| New York | 2,142,476 | 515,223 | 5,784 | 1.10% |
| North Carolina | 651,034 | 136,409 | 504 | 0.37% |
| North Dakota | 47,509 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Ohio | 911,807 | 117,340 | 2,696 | 2.30% |
| Oklahoma | 283,596 | 27,021 | 211 | 0.78% |
| Oregon | 269,102 | 12,284 | 60 | 0.49% |
| Pennsylvania | 884,426 | 94,643 | 4,217 | 4.46% |
| Rhode Island | 77,859 | 34,185 | 806 | 2.36% |
| South Carolina | 319,537 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Tennessee | 452,712 | 61,517 | 257 | 0.42% |
| Texas | 1,960,426 | 254,032 | 1,039 | 0.41% |
| Utah | 249,696 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Vermont | 41,780 | 9,077 | 108 | 1.19% |
| Virginia | 560,065 | 82,596 | 538 | 0.65% |
| Washington | 491,073 | 4,844 | 30 | 0.62% |
| West Virginia | 122,793 | 10,250 | 103 | 1.00% |
| Wisconsin | 415,154 | 81,502 | 1,604 | 1.97% |
| Wyoming | 37,226 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| US Total | 23,485,435 | 3,353,504 | 40,813 | 1.22% |
Source: Centers for Disease Control’s National Surveillance Data
$ = Incomplete screening data
§ = Statewide Surveillance startup year
¶ = Incomplete data: CDC does not have the state’s complete dataset
N/A = Data was either unavailable for analysis or the state did not have surveillance system in place at that time.
| National Report on Human Exposure to Lead | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geometric mean and selected percentiles of blood lead concentrations (in g/dL) for the U.S. population, 1999. | |||||||
| Sample size |
Geometric mean |
Selected percentiles | |||||
| 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | |||
| Gender | |||||||
| Males | 1,594 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 4.3 |
| (1.7-2.1) | (0.7-0.9) | (1.1-1.4) | (1.7-2.0) | (2.5-3.1) | (3.7-5.3) | ||
| Females | 1,595 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 3.0 |
| (1.2-1.5) | (0.4-0.7) | (0.7-0.9) | (1.1-1.4) | (1.7-2.1) | (2.6-3.5) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 693 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 4.2 |
| (1.5-2.0) | (0.6-0.8) | (0.9-1.3) | (1.4-1.8) | (2.2-3.0) | (3.3-5.2) | ||
| Mexican American | 1,289 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 4.1 |
| (1.6-2.0) | (0.6-0.8) | (0.9-1.2) | (1.4-1.9) | (2.3-3.3) | (3.8-5.2) | ||
| White, non-Hispanic* | 1,207 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 3.5 |
| (1.4-1.7) | (0.5-0.7) | (0.8-1.1) | (1.3-1.6) | (2.1-2.5) | (3.1-4.1) | ||
| Age group | |||||||
| 1-5 years | 254 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 4.7 |
| (1.7-2.3) | (0.5-1.1) | (1.1-1.5) | (1.6-2.1) | (2.2-4.4) | (3.5-9.8) | ||
| 6-11 years | 419 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.7 |
| (1.0-1.6) | (0.5-0.7) | (0.7-1.0) | (1.0-1.5) | (1.4-2.2) | (1.9-4.7) | ||
| 12-19 years | 868 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
| (0.8-1.2) | (0.2-0.5) | (0.5-0.8) | (0.8-1.1) | (1.2-1.6) | (1.9-2.4) | ||
| 20-39 years | 595 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
| (1.2-1.5) | (0.5-0.7) | (0.8-1.0) | (1.1-1.5) | (1.7-2.2) | (2.5-3.2) | ||
| 40-59 years | 471 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 3.8 |
| (1.7-2.0) | (0.7-1.0) | (1.1-1.3) | (1.6-1.9) | (2.4-3.2) | (3.6-4.4) | ||
| 60+ years | 582 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 5.0 |
| National Report on Human Exposure to Lead | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geometric mean and selected percentiles of urine concentrations and creatinine-adjusted levels for the U.S. population, 1999 | |||||||
| Sample size |
Geometric mean |
Selected percentiles | |||||
| 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | |||
| µg/L of urine | 1,007 | 0.80 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 0.80 | 1.36 | 2.21 |
| µg/g of creatinine* | 1,007 | 0.72 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.69 | 1.11 | 1.67 |
* µg per gram of creatinine in urine Numbers in parenthesis are 95% confidence intervals.
Interpretation of the lead levels reported in the tables
Blood lead results are presented in Table 1 and urine lead results in Table 2.
Because of lead’s adverse effects on cognitive development, CDC has defined an elevated blood lead level as >10 µg/dL for children younger than 6 years of age. Data from CDC’s Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Phase 2 (1991-1994) (1) showed that the geometric mean blood lead level for children 1-5 years of old was 2.7 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL) (95% confidence interval 2.5-3.0 µg/dL). Results in the Report for the same age group for 1999 show that the geometric mean blood lead level has decreased to 2.0 µg/dL (95% confidence interval 1.7-2.3 µg/dL). The sample size in the Report for 1999 is too small to provide reliable estimates of the percentage of children with blood lead levels >10 µg/dL. In future releases of the Report, more blood lead data will be available for this age group, thus permitting reliable estimates of the percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels.
For other age groups and population groups defined by sex and race/ethnicity, the 1999 Report data show consistently lower levels than those measured in the 1991-1994 period (1). The relation of blood lead levels to age is consistent with that seen previously (1).
Elevated blood lead levels among children continue to be a major public health concern.
Table 2 presents urine lead levels. Urine lead is used less frequently to gauge lead exposure. Percentiles provided in Table 2 will serve as reference levels for urine lead so that physicians can compare urine results for individual patients against background levels found in the U.S. population in 1999.
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